Coastal artillery has been used in weapons of many different calibers since there were military threats from the sea and guns to defend land. This land artillery is used for shelling attack ships as well as invading amphibious forces.
It is the global military power that thinks that one gun on land is equivalent to three guns of the same caliber on a ship at sea. Land-based platforms can be hidden behind dirt walls or enclosed with thick walls to protect them from attacking forces and to create a degree of surprise when used.
The Empire of Japan designed the largest 18.1-inch (459.74 mm) naval gun and used it on the famous Yamato-class battleships.
The United States - with two long coastlines to defend - did not deviate from the concept of large coastal artillery. One of the largest guns produced in the United States became the M1895 16" (410mm) naval gun, designed for coastal defense - only one was completed by 1914, and it was not in service in the Panama Canal Zone until 1943. The United States Army remained in service during World War II.
Additional large-caliber guns were needed to protect its major coastal ports and cities, and additional 16" guns were ordered. The US Navy had to cancel the South Dakota class due to global military restrictions imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty in 1922 after World War I. Battleships and Lexington-class battlecruisers New Model 1919 16" (406 mm)/50 caliber rifled guns and Mark IIIs built for both capital classes then became available ar and 20 guns were assigned to the US Army , to meet their coastal defense needs.
The M1919 guns were massive, about 66.6 feet long and each weighing 340,000 pounds (170 tons). The production process involves wrapping the wire around an inner tube of iron, which is square, 1 inch on each side. The square wire remains taut while the iron tube rotates in a constant motion. The wire adds an extra layer around the breech due to the explosive effect of the powder required for firing. When the correct amount of wire is used, the hoop is placed on the wire and fired, causing the hoop to shrink and melt into and into the 1" wire (the length and weight of the barrel make normal forging impossible).
The caliber of the barrel is determined by the ratio of caliber or 16 inches to barrel length. So multiply the bore (50) by the diameter (16 inches) to get 800 inches (66.6 feet). The inside of the barrel is right-handed, forcing the projectile to rotate clockwise.
This "rifling" - known as Lands and Grooves - created a greater inherent range and accuracy for the shell than any smoothbore gun.
The open rear end of the gun is the "breech", which is used to enter the firing chamber, load new projectiles and allow riflemen to fire in relative safety. Along with all applicable components, this unit is called the "breech". By contrast, in a standard infantry rifle, the bolt mechanism acts as a "breech", just on a smaller scale. The breech block for the 16" gun is called the "Welin breech" and it consists of a single-action screw for a quick, uninterrupted thread seal. Most Allied heavy naval and field guns at the time used compressed air as the primary method of operating the breech.
The part of the breech that prevents hot propellant gases from escaping when fired is the "debange obturator" mechanism of each 16" grenade, it is not housed in an all-encompassing brass casing, the propellant inside does not escape from the casing and can escape. The grenade was knocked into the breech, and the powder (in silk bags) was placed behind the grenade. When the gunpowder is ignited, the Debonge steel mushroom head is pressed against a series of seals to prevent gas from escaping from the breech end of the barrel.
Instead, this gas is squeezed out of the muzzle end of the barrel, increasing the energy of the muzzle.
The primary projectile is essentially Armor Piercing (AP) and weighs 2,100, 2,240 or 2,340 lbs, depending on the projectile used. The powder charge contains 110 pounds of nitrocellulose propellant and is sealed in a bag made of special silk that burns without leaving any residue in the barrel. Gunpowder is smokeless and has a high burn rate, and the normal charge includes the 6 bags (or 660 pounds) of powder needed to fire a 16-inch shell. The distance from the gun to the target determines the number of powder bags to be used, as well as the height of the barrel - since guns require a lot of training and skill to function. The Army Mk II and Mk III guns have a maximum load of 8 bags of gunpowder - or 832 pounds.
To fire, the ram is triggered by a lanyard or an electric current. The primer then ignites the black powder in the primer and ignites a flame through the vent on the closed-bore spindle, igniting the black powder at the end of the last powder bag - the "main" powder.
The shells were probably about 44,680 yards (40,855 m) from the gun.
The next important feature of a weapon is the recoil of the barrel. As you can imagine, firing a 16-inch shell produces quite a bit of violence. The required "reverse" action is a mechanism controlled by two pneumatic cylinder heat exchangers.
The cylinder is filled with 1,700 psi of air and an oil/water mixture of 60% oil and 40% water. As the gun bounces, the air psi goes up to 3,400.
As expected, regular maintenance to avoid gun corrosion on various systems. Clean the inside of the barrel with a long plunger covered in burlap and soaked in soapy water, while all metal parts are oiled to prevent rusting in the salty sea air.
Ultimately, these M1919 guns were placed in concrete turrets to deter and protect American cities, ports, and valuable targets, but no one was there as enemy warships failed to reach around 48 states, Hawaii or Panama Fire direct attack out of anger. By 1952, the 16-inch guns and their gun carriagesall but onewere chopped up and sold, roughly the fate of many expensive wartime navy shipseven some legendary ships. same. The last Mk III M1 Navy #138 mounted on the S/N 1 Barbette carriage is on display at the Armory Museum at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.
While the rest of the museum has moved to Fort Lee, Virginia, the MKIII and its battery remained in Aberdeen due to its weight.
- Support/Special Purpose
20.32m
6.09m
3.96m
170 tons (154,221 kg; 339,999 lbs)
25 miles (41 km)
1 x 16" (406 mm) /50 caliber rifled barrel.
Depends on ammo supply.
M1919 - Base Series Name