2S1 Gvozdika (M1974)

History

The 2S1 Gvozdika (translated as "Carnation") is a standard Red Army self-propelled howitzer platform. The type was recognized in the West in 1974 and received the appropriate name "M1974". This type of production took place in state-run factories in the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and Poland, to which thousands of these powerful systems were delivered. Combatants outside the Red Army included various satellite states, communist allies and pro-Soviet states around the world.

The first 2S1 prototype was completed in 1969, and the type entered service with the Red Army sometime in the early 1970s. After being put into use, 2S1 is in large supply.

The Soviet army has accumulated a lot of valuable experience in dealing with the powerful German army in World War II. In the decades that followed, a commitment to continuous improvement in military support was key to Soviet Army strength. Such systems being developed become large-caliber mortars, field guns, main battle tanks and self-propelled guns. The advent of the Rocket Age also helped expand the lethal range of Soviet military equipment, and their weapons were sent to every pro-Soviet regime.

The 2S1 self-propelled howitzer is one such device, using proven mechanical components and a powerful main gun. Its howitzer nature ensures that if the Cold War gets "hot" in Europe, it will be used to support Soviet troops and armored operations.

The 2S1 borrows much of the design from the MT-LB utility tracked vehicle. The hull is rather long and featureless, making way for a flat all-welded turret turret housing a 122mm main gun with double baffles. This makes the 2S1 look understated and understated, making it easy to hide and difficult to identify.

Glacis plates slope towards the top of the turret for optimum ballistic protection. The faceted turret is fully powered and accommodates three of the four crew - commander, loader and gunner, with the driver occupying the front left position of the hull. The turret can be rotated 360 degrees and offers an elevation range of +70 to -3 degrees. A smoke vent is clearly marked along the barrel. The engine is mounted in the front of the fuselage.

A tack system is mounted on each side of the hull, with seven wheels and an adjustable suspension system. The drive sprocket is in the front and the chain idler is in the back. No orbital deflection rollers. Apart from the main armament, the crew has no other auxiliary weapon systems available.

Armor protection is 20mm thick at its thickest point.

One of the key qualities of the 2S1's design is its fully amphibious nature, allowing it to traverse water with little crew preparation. Although no dedicated propulsion beams were installed, the 2S1 was propelled through the water by the movement of its own rail system.

Due to its Cold War origins, the 2S1's fighting compartment is fully protected by nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) weapons. Infrared night vision is standard for driver and commander positions. Selectable track widths allow the 2S1 to traverse a variety of soft soil terrain as needed.

The engine is installed in a separate compartment on the right front of the hull and consists of a YaMZ-238N diesel engine of about 300 hp. That gives the 2S1 a top speed of 37 mph and a range of nearly 310 miles.

Trained crew members can fire up to 5 rounds per minute, and 2 rounds per minute is a constant standard rate of fire. The 2S1's 122mm gun can reach targets up to 15km with standard projectiles and up to 22km with special missile-launched ammunition.

The main battery can fire a variety of conventional ammunition, including High Explosive (HE), Armor Piercing High Explosive (APHE) and Arrow (steel dart firing) rounds. The 2S1 can also fire chemical warheads. Up to 40x122mm projectiles can be stored inside the 2S1.

The 2S1 was further developed into other useful battlefield roles for the Red Army and its other operators. These include types such as mine clearance vehicles and chemical reconnaissance vehicles.

Other countries have continued the 2S1 design steps to produce more customized battlefield solutions, such as B. support anti-tank missiles or those that share common components with other undercarriage systems.

In service with the Red Army, the 2S1 was officially replaced by the 2S9 and 2S19 series of self-propelled guns. The phase-out of the existing 2S1 started in 2007. Other such former operators include the Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia and Yugoslavia - countries that were either placed on reserve status or handed over to successor states.

Take East German 2S1s, which were decommissioned in 1990 with the country's unification of East and West components after World War II.

The largest operators of 2S1 (outside the USSR) are Ukraine, Bulgaria, Belarus, Poland and India - each operator uses hundreds of these types in their respective services. At least 70 2S1s are in service with the Finnish Army under the designation "122 PsH 74".

Specification

Basic

Roles

Dimensions

Performance

Performance

for everyone else in our database)

Armor

40 x 122 mm projectile.

Changes